Physical Assessment PowerPoint Presentation by Prince Attah Obeng

Guidelines for conducting Physical Examination

To conduct effective physical exam, the following guidelines must be adhered to: 

• Explain to the client that you want to conduct physical examination on him to ascertain how the various systems of the body are functioning.
• The nurse must also explain to the client where the examination will take place and what will happen during the procedure
• Reassure the client that all information gathered and documented during the examination will be kept confidential
• Ensure that the client’s urinary bladder is emptied before the exam to make him feel relaxed, and also, to avoid interference during palpation of the abdomen.
• Determine which positions are conducive to be assumed by the client
• Ensure that the room is well illuminated to enhance inspection
• Avoid unnecessary noise in the environment, which could hinder hearing
• Make sure all instruments that may be needed for the examination are assembled on a tray or trolley to guarantee smooth examination
• Ensure privacy to boost the client’s confidence of confidentiality
• Avoid unnecessary exposure of the client; only examining part should be exposed at a time
• Avoid unnecessary touching during the exam
• Be a good listener to avoid unnecessary delays in listening to sounds
• Avoid unprofessional facial expressions during the procedure
• The nurse must wash and dry  hands before and after conducting physical examination
• Communicate findings to the client if possible
• Make patient comfortable and thank him for his co-operation after the procedure
• Document findings

Techniques or methods of Physical Examination

There are four main techniques used in performing the physical examination. These are:

• Inspection
• Palpation
• Percussion
• Auscultation