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Menstruation; Whats happening to my body?

Contents [ hide ] Introduction Actually, what you are experiencing is a normal physiological process that begins once a girl reaches puberty. The first menstruation in a woman’s life is referred to as menarche , this could happen between the ages of 10 to 15 with most (the average) girls having theirs around age 12. It involves bleeding from the uterus at regular intervals. The end of menstruation is termed menopause , this usually happens between the ages of 45 to 55. Menstruation is therefore defined as the cyclical or monthly flow of blood and shedding of endometrium including mucus, some enzymes and unfertilized ovum. So, what really happens? Well in simple terms, it all begins with changes in hormones in the body. You can think of hormones as messengers that are sent by some organs of your body to tell other cells to do something. In this particular case, an organ called hypothalamus which is found in your brain begins the process. [Fast forward] The ovaries release f...
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Oxygen Therapy PowerPoint Presentation By Ibrahim Alhassan

Introduction

  • Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere.
  • At sea level, the concentration of oxygen in room air is 21%.
  • The goal of oxygen therapy is to provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood while decreasing the work of breathing and reducing stress on the myocardium.
  • Oxygen transport to tissues depends on factors such as
    • Cardiac output
    • Arterial oxygen content
    • Concentration of hemoglobin
    • Metabolic requirements. 
These factors must be kept in mind when oxygen therapy is considered.

Indications for Oxygen Therapy

  • A change in the patient’s respiratory rate or pattern.
  • These changes may result from hypoxemia or hypoxia.
  • O2 is usually administered to treat hypoxemia caused by a variety of problems such as
    • Respiratory disorders (e.g., COPD, pulmonary HPT, pneumonia, pulmonary emboli)
    • Cardiovascular disorders (e.g., M.I, dysrhythmia, angina pectoris, and cardiogenic shock)
    • Central nervous system disorders (e.g., overdose of opioids, head injury, sleep disorders [sleep apnea])
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